I didn't have a clear definition for programming language since my first year. When I was preparing for my placements, I came across certain useful points to be noted, which may give you a hand during your interviews. Hopefully, I thought I could share some of my collections with you!! And here is a start.
In general, language is a tool for communication. Similarly, a programming language is a language which is created in a formal way to communicate with the machines and also to control them. It can also be specified as a set of rules given to computer to perform a specific task.
TYPES:
The languages (in terms of CS field) can be broadly (not too exact) classified as follows:
1. Machine Language : People belonging to different places can't understand each other. Each will have their own language. Similarly, machine language is nothing but a stream of 0's and 1's that is understood by the computer. This is executed directly in the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
eg: 0011010
2. Assembly Language : It is nothing but writing binary code in the form of mnemonics. It is the low-level programming language which is used in microprocessors and some programmable devices.
eg:MOV A,B
3. Programming Language : This generally refers to High-level programming languages like C,C++,etc. They are machine independent. Usually, programming languages will be created using editors like turboC,gcc ot with IDE's like jcreator, etc.
4. Scripting Language : These are used to add functionality to websites and are embedded in HTML. eg: javascript, PHP, JSP,etc
5. Markup Language : The language which makes use of tags within the documents are known as markup languages. Tags are the text given within the angle brackets <>. eg: HTML,XML,XHTML.
MAJOR CLASSIFICATION:
1. Procedural Language - The set of instructions are executed step-by-step based on functions in a sequence. It relies on routines and subroutines. To add a data or function is not so easy. Overloading is not possible. It is less secure. Employs Top-Down approach in program design. No access specifiers are used. eg: C,FORTRAN.
2. Non-Procedural Language (Object oriented Language) - The operations are carried out by the basic elements called as objects. Data or functions can be added easily. Overloading is possible. It is more secure than procedural languages. Employs Bottom-Up approach in program design. Public, Private and Protected are the access specifiers used. eg: C++, java.
Tags: Programming languages, basics of computer languages, assembly language, types of languages, Procedural Vs Object oriented language.
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